Here we will provide you the 50+ MCQ Questions of Principles of Inheritance and Variation for NEET-UG. Principles of Inheritance and Variation is the second chapter in Class XII or Class 12 Biology NCERT Unit Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET (conducted by NTA) is based on the NCERT book.
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Principles of Inheritance and Variation NEET MCQ
The genetic material is located in the nucleus of the cell. It is made up of DNA, which is a polymer of nucleotides. Which of the following is not a component of nucleotide?
a) nitrogenous base
b) ribose sugar
c) phosphate group
d) deoxyribose sugar
Answer: Answer: b) ribose sugar
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a gene?
a) It is a unit of heredity
b) It codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule
c) It is made up of DNA
d) It is present only in somatic cells
Answer: Answer: d) It is present only in somatic cells
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
a) Genotype refers to the physical appearance of an organism, while phenotype refers to its genetic makeup.
b) Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to its physical appearance.
c) Genotype and phenotype are two different words for the same thing.
d) Genotype refers to the dominant traits of an organism, while phenotype refers to the recessive traits.
AnswerAnswer: b) Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to its physical appearance.
Which of the following is an example of a recessive trait?
a) Huntington’s disease
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Cystic fibrosis
d) Hemophilia
Answer: Answer: c) Cystic fibrosis
Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance pattern where:
a) One allele is completely dominant over the other.
b) Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote.
c) One allele is partially dominant over the other, resulting in an intermediate phenotype.
d) The phenotype of the heterozygote is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
Answer: AAnswer: d) The phenotype of the heterozygote is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
A sex-linked gene is a gene that is located on:
a) One of the autosomes
b) The X chromosome only
c) The Y chromosome only
d) Both the X and Y chromosomes
Answer: Answer: d) Both the X and Y chromosomes
The ABO blood group system in humans is an example of:
a) Multiple alleles and co-dominance
b) Sex-linked inheritance
c) Polygenic inheritance
d) Incomplete dominance
Answer: Answer: a) Multiple alleles and co-dominance
Mendelian inheritance patterns are based on the laws of segregation and independent assortment. Which of the following is a consequence of the law of independent assortment?
a) The inheritance of one trait is not affected by the inheritance of another trait.
b) The inheritance of one trait is completely dependent on the inheritance of another trait.
c) The inheritance of one trait is partially dependent on the inheritance of another trait.
d) The inheritance of one trait is completely random and independent of other traits.
Answer:Answer: a) The inheritance of one trait is not affected by the inheritance of another trait.
Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?
a) Eye color
b) Blood type
c) Sickle cell anemia
d) Huntington’s disease
Answer: Answer: a) Eye color
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
a) The inheritance of a dominant trait
b) The inheritance of a recessive trait
c) A change in the DNA sequence of a gene
d) A change in the physical appearance of an organism
Answer: c) A change in the DNA sequence of a gene
In humans, the sex chromosomes are:
a) X and Y
b) X and Z
c) Y and Z
d) X and W
Answer:Answer: a) X and Y
A test cross is a cross between:
a) Two organisms that are homozygous for the same trait
b) Two organisms that are heterozygous for the same trait
c) An organism that is homozygous dominant and an organism that is homozygous recessive for the same trait
d) An organism that is homozygous dominant for one trait and homozygous recessive for another trait
Answer: Answer: c) An organism that is homozygous dominant and an organism that is homozygous recessive for the same trait
Which of the following statements about linked genes is true?
a) Linked genes are located on different chromosomes
b) Linked genes are always inherited together
c) Linked genes always exhibit complete dominance
d) Linked genes exhibit independent assortment
Answer: Answer: b) Linked genes are always inherited together
The phenomenon of epistasis occurs when:
a) Two or more genes interact to determine a phenotype
b) Two different alleles of the same gene interact to determine a phenotype
c) One gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene
d) One gene is responsible for the expression of multiple phenotypic traits
Answer: Answer: c) One gene masks or modifies the expression of another gene
Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal abnormality?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Huntington’s disease
c) Down syndrome
d) Hemophilia
Answer: Answer: c) Down syndrome
A mutation that results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence is called a:
a) Point mutation
b) Missense mutation
c) Frameshift mutation
d) Silent mutation
Answer:Answer: c) Frameshift mutation
The expression of a gene can be affected by:
a) Environmental factors only
b) Genetic factors only
c) Both genetic and environmental factors
d) Neither genetic nor environmental factors
Answer: Answer: c) Both genetic and environmental factors
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a mathematical model used to:
a) Predict the genotype frequencies in a population
b) Predict the phenotype frequencies in a population
c) Determine the mode of inheritance of a trait
d) Identify the specific genes responsible for a trait
Answer: Answer: a) Predict the genotype frequencies in a population
A pedigree is a diagram that shows the:
a) Phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a cross
b) Inheritance pattern of a genetic trait in a family
c) Chromosomal abnormalities in a karyotype
d) Frequencies of different alleles in a population
Answer:Answer: b) Inheritance pattern of a genetic trait in a family
Gene therapy is a technique that involves:
a) Altering the DNA sequence of a gene to treat a genetic disorder
b) Administering drugs to treat a genetic disorder
c) Changing the environment to treat a genetic disorder
d) Performing surgery to remove a diseased organ
Answer: Answer: a) Altering the DNA sequence of a gene to treat a genetic disorder
Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?
a) ABO blood group system in humans
b) Seed color in pea plants
c) Flower color in snapdragons
d) Fur color in rabbits
Answer: Answer: c) Flower color in snapdragons
X-linked recessive disorders are more commonly observed in:
a) Males
b) Females
c) Equally in males and females
d) None of the above
Answer: Answer: a) Males
The inheritance of skin color in humans is an example of:
a) Polygenic inheritance
b) Single-gene inheritance
c) Mitochondrial inheritance
d) Epistatic inheritance
Answer: Answer: a) Polygenic inheritance
Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that:
a) Alleles of different genes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation
b) Alleles of the same gene segregate independently of each other during gamete formation
c) The dominant allele of a gene will always be expressed in the phenotype
d) The recessive allele of a gene will always be expressed in the phenotype
Answer: Answer: a) Alleles of different genes segregate independently of each other during gamete formation
In humans, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome is responsible for:
a) The development of female reproductive organs
b) The development of male reproductive organs
c) The determination of eye color
d) The determination of blood type
Answer: Answer: b) The development of male reproductive organs
The genetic disorder cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the:
a) CFTR gene
b) BRCA1 gene
c) TP53 gene
d) LDLR gene
Answer:Answer: a) CFTR gene
The process of meiosis involves:
a) Two rounds of cell division
b) One round of cell division
c) Division of somatic cells
d) Division of haploid cells
Answer: Answer: a) Two rounds of cell division
A gene pool refers to:
a) The total number of genes in an individual
b) The total number of genes in a population
c) The total number of chromosomes in an individual
d) The total number of chromosomes in a population
Answer: Answer: b) The total number of genes in a population
The ratio of phenotypes in a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals is expected to be:
a) 1:1
b) 3:1
c) 9:3:3:1
d) 1:2:1
Answer: Answer: c) 9:3:3:1
Genetic drift is a process that results in:
a) An increase in genetic diversity in a population
b) A decrease in genetic diversity in a population
c) The elimination of deleterious alleles from a population
d) The introduction of new alleles into a population
Answer: Answer: b) A decrease in genetic diversity in a population
The phenomenon of crossing over during meiosis occurs between:
a) Sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
b) Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
c) Sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes
d) Non-sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes
Answer: Answer: b) Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Which of the following statements about mutations is true?
a) All mutations are harmful to the organism
b) Mutations can only occur in somatic cells, not in gametes
c) Mutations can be beneficial, harmful or neutral depending on the circumstances
d) Mutations are always caused by environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals
Answer: Answer: c) Mutations can be beneficial, harmful or neutral depending on the circumstances
We hope there NEET MCQ of Class 12 Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation will help you to score an excellent rank in NEET-UG. If you have any queries feel free to write in the comments section. We at Study Rate are always ready to serve our students.
