50+ JEE Mains MCQ Questions Environmental Chemistry with Solutions

Preparing for the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) can be a daunting task. With so many subjects to cover and so many topics to study, it can be challenging to know where to start. One essential topic in the JEE Mains syllabus is the Environmental Chemistry. In this article, we will provide 50+ MCQ questions on the Environmental Chemistry, along with detailed solutions to help you prepare for the JEE Mains exam.

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These 50+ MCQ questions are selected by the experts of studyrate.in and these are more difficult questions, which will help you to better understand Environmental Chemistry JEE Mains MCQ Questions with Answers.

Environmental Chemistry JEE Mains MCQ


Acid rain is primarily caused by the presence of which gases in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen and nitrogen
b) Carbon dioxide and methane
c) Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide
d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer: c) Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide Explanation: Acid rain is formed when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emitted from industrial processes and combustion of fossil fuels react with atmospheric moisture to form acids.

Which of the following pollutants is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen dioxide
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Answer: d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic compounds that were used in various applications, including refrigeration and aerosol propellants. They are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?
a) Nitrous oxide
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Methane

Answer: d) Methane Explanation: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. It is released during natural processes such as decomposition and from human activities such as agriculture and fossil fuel production.

The phenomenon of smog is primarily caused by the reaction of pollutants with:
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Sulfur
d) Hydrocarbons

Answer: d) Hydrocarbons Explanation: Smog is primarily caused by the reaction of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (hydrocarbons) in the presence of sunlight, forming ground-level ozone and other harmful compounds.

Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Sulfur dioxide
c) Nitrogen dioxide
d) Methane

Answer: c) Nitrogen dioxide Explanation: Nitrogen dioxide is a secondary air pollutant formed by the oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere. It contributes to the formation of smog and has harmful effects on human health.

The major source of indoor air pollution is:
a) Vehicle emissions
b) Industrial emissions
c) Agricultural activities
d) Indoor combustion of fossil fuels

Answer: d) Indoor combustion of fossil fuels Explanation: The major source of indoor air pollution is the combustion of fossil fuels for heating, cooking, and lighting in households that lack proper ventilation. This leads to the accumulation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and particulate matter indoors.

Which of the following is the main cause of the “hole” in the ozone layer?
a) Industrial emissions
b) Volcanic activity
c) Biomass burning
d) Release of CFCs

Answer: d) Release of CFCs Explanation: The main cause of the “hole” in the ozone layer is the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol propellants, refrigerants, and foam-blowing agents.

Which of the following is the primary greenhouse gas released from burning fossil fuels?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Ozone

Answer: a) Carbon dioxide Explanation: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas released from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. It is a major contributor to global warming and climate change.

The process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into a form usable by plants is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification

Answer: b) Nitrogen fixation Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into a form (ammonia or nitrate) that can be utilized by plants. This process is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Which of the following pollutants is responsible for causing respiratory problems, especially in urban areas?
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Particulate matter
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Lead

Answer: b) Particulate matter Explanation: Particulate matter (PM) consists of tiny particles suspended in the air, including dust, soot, and aerosols. Inhalation of particulate matter can cause respiratory problems, especially in urban areas with high pollution levels.

Which of the following is a primary source of water pollution?
a) Agricultural runoff
b) Industrial wastewater
c) Oil spills
d) Sewage discharge

Answer: d) Sewage discharge Explanation: Sewage discharge, including untreated or inadequately treated wastewater, is a primary source of water pollution. It can introduce harmful bacteria, pathogens, and chemicals into water bodies.

The process of the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into nitrates and nitrites by bacteria is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification
.

Answer: a) Nitrification Explanation: Nitrification is the process by which nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia (NH3) into nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-). This process plays a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle and the availability of nutrients for plants

Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of water pollution?
a) Industrial effluent discharge
b) Sewage treatment plant discharge
c) Oil spill from a tanker
d) Agricultural runoff

Answer: d) Agricultural runoff Explanation: Agricultural runoff, which includes excess fertilizers, pesticides, and soil erosion from agricultural fields, is an example of non-point source water pollution. It is diffuse and originates from multiple sources, making it challenging to control.

The process of converting nitrates and nitrites back into atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) by bacteria is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification

Answer: c) Denitrification Explanation: Denitrification is the process by which denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates (NO3-) and nitrites (NO2-) back into atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2). This process occurs in oxygen-deficient environments, such as waterlogged soils.

The major component responsible for the formation of photochemical smog is:
a) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
c) Carbon monoxide (CO)
d) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Answer: d) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Explanation: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as hydrocarbons emitted from vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and solvents, are the major components responsible for the formation of photochemical smog when they react with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sunlight.

Which of the following pollutants is responsible for the formation of “brown haze”?
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Particulate matter
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Ozone

Answer: b) Particulate matter Explanation: Particulate matter, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is responsible for the formation of “brown haze” or atmospheric brown clouds. These clouds are composed of a mixture of fine particles and pollutants.

The primary source of lead pollution in the environment is:
a) Vehicle emissions
b) Industrial emissions
c) Lead-acid batteries
d) Paint containing lead

Answer: d) Paint containing lead Explanation: The primary source of lead pollution in the environment is paint containing lead, especially in older buildings where lead-based paints were commonly used. Lead-acid batteries and industrial emissions also contribute to lead pollution.

The process of the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler substances by microorganisms is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Decomposition

Answer: d) Decomposition Explanation: Decomposition is the process by which complex organic compounds, such as dead plants and animals, are broken down into simpler substances by microorganisms. This process plays a vital role in the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

The major greenhouse gas produced by the agricultural practice of paddy field cultivation is:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Ozone

Answer: b) Methane Explanation: Paddy field cultivation, particularly the flooding of rice fields, creates anaerobic conditions in which methane-producing bacteria thrive. As a result, paddy fields are a significant source of methane emissions, contributing to greenhouse gas effect.

Which of the following is not a primary air pollutant?
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Nitrogen dioxide
c) Ozone
d) Sulphuric acid

Answer: d) Sulphuric acid Explanation: Sulphuric acid is not a primary air pollutant. It is a secondary air pollutant formed when sulphur dioxide reacts with atmospheric moisture and other pollutants.

Which of the following pollutants is responsible for causing the phenomenon of eutrophication in water bodies?
a) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
b) Phosphates
c) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
d) Particulate matter

Answer: b) Phosphates Explanation: Excessive levels of phosphates, usually from agricultural runoff and wastewater discharges containing fertilizers, can cause eutrophication in water bodies. Eutrophication leads to excessive growth of algae and depletion of oxygen, negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems.

The process of converting organic matter into humus by the action of microorganisms is called:
a) Mineralization
b) Immobilization
c) Nitrification
d) Humification

Answer: d) Humification Explanation: Humification is the process by which organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, is converted into humus by the action of microorganisms. Humus is a dark, stable organic material that enriches the soil.

The primary source of mercury pollution in the environment is:
a) Industrial emissions
b) Mining activities
c) Coal combustion
d) Landfills

Answer: c) Coal combustion Explanation: Coal combustion, particularly in coal-fired power plants, is a major source of mercury pollution in the environment. Mercury is released into the air and can subsequently contaminate water bodies and ecosystems.

The pollutant responsible for causing the “haze” in urban areas is primarily:
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Particulate matter
c) Sulfur dioxide
d) Lead

Answer: b) Particulate matter Explanation: Particulate matter, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is responsible for causing the “haze” or smog in urban areas. These fine particles can have harmful effects on human health when inhaled.

Which of the following pollutants is responsible for the formation of “acid rain”?
a) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
c) Carbon monoxide (CO)
d) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Answer: b) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Explanation: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is primarily responsible for the formation of “acid rain.” It is emitted from industrial processes and combustion of fossil fuels, and when combined with atmospheric moisture, it forms sulfuric acid.

The process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, enter water bodies and promote excessive growth of algae is called:
a) Leaching
b) Eutrophication
c) Transpiration
d) Evapotranspiration

Answer: b) Eutrophication Explanation: Eutrophication is the process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, enter water bodies, leading to excessive growth of algae. This can disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and deplete oxygen levels.

The primary source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions is:
a) Industrial emissions
b) Vehicle emissions
c) Biomass burning
d) Volcanic activity

Answer: a) Industrial emissions Explanation: Industrial emissions, particularly from fossil fuel combustion in power plants and industrial processes, are the primary source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. SO2 can contribute to the formation of acid rain.

Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to indoor air pollution?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
c) Formaldehyde (HCHO)
d) Methane (CH4)

Answer: c) Formaldehyde (HCHO) Explanation: Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a major contributor to indoor air pollution. It is released from various sources such as building materials, furniture, and household products and can cause respiratory problems and other health issues.

The process of the breakdown of ammonia into nitrites and nitrates by bacteria is called:
a) Nitrification
b) Nitrogen fixation
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification

Answer: a) Nitrification Explanation: Nitrification is the process by which nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia (NH3) into nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-). This process occurs in two steps involving different groups of bacteria.

The major source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in urban areas is:
a) Industrial emissions
b) Vehicle emissions
c) Biomass burning
d) Forest fires

Answer: b) Vehicle emissions Explanation: Vehicle emissions, particularly from the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels, are the major source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in urban areas. CO is a toxic gas and can be harmful when inhaled in high concentrations.

We hope there JEE MCQ of Class 11 : Environmental Chemistry will help you to score an excellent rank in JEE Mains and Advanced. If you have any queries feel free to write in the comments section. We at Study Rate are always ready to serve our students.

Sneha

Master's in Biology, Skilled in vocational training. Strong Analytical and creative knowledge.

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